SUGAPA digital

5.Rawati Panjaitan
Survey on butterflies of Superfamily Papilionoidea at three different habitats at Haya, Mamberamo area, Papua

A survey was organized by Conservation International and the State University Papua at Manokwari around the Haya village (02º48.951’S and 138º05.903’E) from 9 to 26 February 2008, were various taxonomical groups were surveyed, including reptiles and amphibians, mammals, fresh water fish, birds, insects and plants. Butterflies were collected in seasonally inundated swamps, in plains and at hill sites up to 180 m above sea level. 130 species were collected: 80 in the seasonally inundated areas, 97 in the plains and 80 at the lower hills, including 14 members of the family Papilionidae, 17 Pieridae, 42 Lycaenidae and 57 Nymphalidae. Worthwhile to mention are five different species  of Arhopala (herculina, madytus, azenia, admete and thamyras) and 13 members of the subfamily Satyrinae, including Lamprolenis nitida (in Papua only known from Eilanden River in the south and Marina Valen (also in Mamberamo area).

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Suara Serangga Papua, 2008, 2 (3) March 2008

1.Henk van Mastrigt
Curculionoidea (Coleoptera)

ALEXANDER RIEDEL visited Jayapura in December 2007. For many years he has been working on Curculionidae (about 100,000 species worldwide – only 50,000 described), especially the genus Trigonopterus(Cryptorhynchinae). He held an interesting presentation at the Cenderawasih University, for about 25 students and teachers of the biological department.
From Papua Indonesia alone about 1,000 species are described, but that number may be increase to 10,000 by good surveying. The genus Trigonopterus, very small sized (1-5 mm) and not flying beetles (see picture) is hyperdiverse in Papua. Although there are only 45 described species in New Guinea, several hundred mostly undescribed species are known. In the Cyclops Mts alone there are about 45 species. Nothing is known about their evolution and ecology. ALEXANDER , who is Curator Entomology of the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Germany, explained the way in which these beetles must be collected and hopes to get support from the teachers and students. This website will get support from ALEXANDER in the near future.

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2.Bernardus Jamo
Diversity and distribution of Dragon- and Damselflies (Odonata) at River Biru (“Borhoniweici”) Kotaraja, Kabupaten Jayapura

A survey was held at River Biru, Kotaraja, Jayapura, from December 2001 to May 2002 and 149 specimens of Odonata were collected, representing 6 families, 14 genera and 21 species. The most abundant species was Rhinochypha tincta (29 %) and the rarest were Agriocnemis sp., Huonia dapne, Tetrathemis sp., Neurothemis luctuosa and Bracydiplax sp.(0.57%).
The complete list of identified species is as follows: 
Anisoptera: Neurothemis stigmatizans, N. luctuosa, Crocothemis erythrae, Tetrathemis sp., Orthetrum sabina, Huonia thais, H. dapne, H. arborophila, Nannophelebia alexia, Bracydiplax sp. (Libellulidae), Paragomphus sp. (Gomphidae).
Zygoptera: Agriocnemis sp., Onychargia specs. (Coenagrionidae), Notoneura sp. (Protoneuridae), Rhinocypha tincta (Chlorocyphidae), Neurobasis australis (Calopterygidae). Some specimens could not be identified to species level by us.

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3.Daawia & Evie L. Warikar
Comparison diversity of Nymphalid butterflies at Mt Bonsupiori, Supiori Island, Kabupaten Supiori (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae)

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4. Daawia & Evie L. Warikar
Comparing study between diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) at Supiori Island, Biak Island and Padaido Archipelago

This study will show the relationship between the number of species found at the various islands and the vastness of the islands Biak (the largerst one) and Supiori and the very small islands Meos, Kubori and Rasi in the Padaido Archipelago. During the survey in 22 effective days between 19 July and 17 August 2007 the samples were made according to the Transek Count at Line Transect method (Sutherland, 1996). Indicators used were “species richness” and “indeks Shannon Wienner” (H’).
At Biak 112 Papilionoidea species were recorded, at Supiori 66 species and at the Padaido islands only 27 species, which leads to a species richness index H’= 1.631 at Biak, H’= 1.576 at Supiori and H’=1.086 for the Padaido islands. At this survey six endemics were recorded: Pareronia chinki, Delias talboti (Pieridae), Ideopsis hewitsonii, Euploea albicosta, Taenaris scylla, Cirrochroa imperatrix (Nymphalidae), which are endemics at Biak and Delias dohertyi (Pieridae) which is endemic in the Biak-Japen area. 

5. Henk van Mastrigt.
Insects on stamps

One of the new Delias species collected at the Foja Mountains was named Delias kristianiae after MRS. KRISTIANI HERAWATI, Indonesia’s first lady, to honour and to support the Indonesian President, MR. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO, in his efforts to save the Indonesian forest and to protect it against illegal logging, especially in Papua.
Every year at 5 November (National Day on Flora and Fauna) PT Pos Indonesia has been paying special attention to the environment with a series of stamps. Last year the results of the Foja expedition got special attention in this series, with two birds (Milopotes carolae and Amblyornis flavifrons) and two plants (Licuala arbuscula and Livistona mamberamoensis); this year four butterflies were chosen (Delias kristianiae, Ornithoptera aesacus, O. croesus and Troides hypolytus).
Since 2001 no insects were pictured on stamps anymore. In that year five beetles were depicted (Batocera rosenbergi, Chalcosoma caucasus, Chrysochroa buqueti, Agestrata dehaani and Mormolyca phyliodes).
Stamps do not only have a monetary function but also an educational one: by this series people can learn more about Indonesian entomological biodiversity.

Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 2 (2) October – December 2007

1.Ferra Ice Julanda Manobi
Diversity and distribution of Odonata at the Manatiungna and Ambokari Rivers at Ambaidiru District Kosiwo, Kabupaten Yapen

During the survey to Ambaidiru (Japen) in July 2006, three members were focussed on Odonata: Vincent Kalkman (Naturalis, Leiden) together with Ferra Manobi and John Kaize (two students of UNCEN). The results of 13 days collecting between 400 and 1200 meter are reported in the final papers of Ferra Manobi. In total 50 species of Odonata were recorded: 24 species of the Suborder Zygoptera, representing 8 families, and 26 species of the Suborder Anisoptera, representing 4 families, as follows:

The importance of this survey is underlined in the conclusions, with among others the following statements:
· Previously only thirteen species of Odonata were known from Japen; this survey did increase this number with thirty seven, to fifty species.
· Seven of the fifty species are probably new to science and are objects for further studies.
· More surveys on Japen will surely lead to more new discoveries.

2.Vina Vania Suhartawan & Viva Virginia Suhartawan
Study on the phenomenon mimicry on Butterflies (Lepidoptera) at the Cyclops Mountains Reserve

A high diversity of butterflies and moths is found in Cyclops Mountains Reserve. Less study is done on mimicry. Observation in nature is a good method in education for mimicry, a phenomenon that is common at insects especially at butterflies and moths, when a species (mimic) has profit from its superficial imitation of another species (model). The reason is often an aposematic one: by colour and/or design, which causes that predators (vertebrates) recognize the species as distasteful, inedible or dangerous. Parsons (1999) mentioned two theories: Mullerian mimicry (similarity between a number of species which are distasteful, inedible or dangerous and therefore avoided by predators) and Batesian mimicry (a single species which is palatable imitates an unpalatable or dangerous species). 
Both Mullerian mimicry and Batesian mimicry are present at the Cyclops Mountains. Papilio laglaizei (Papilionidae) with Alcides agathyrsus (Uraniidae), genus Neptis (Nymphalinae, Nymphalidae) with genus Tellervo (Ithomiinae, Nymphalidae), and Papilio ambrax (female) (Papilionini, Papilionidae) with Athophaneura polydorus (Troidini, Papilionidae) are examples of Batesian mimicry. Examples of Mullerian mimicry in early stages are much more difficult to find. Good examples are the larvae and pupae of Troides oblongmaculatus and Ornithoptera priamus and the genus Hyanthis with Taenaris (both Morphinae, Nymphalidae).

3.Evie L. Warikar
Diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen Island), Papua

From 27 April to 17 May 2007 a survey was held at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen) in Papua, at six different locations: Gesa, Noau, Baitanisa, Nuriba, Wakamba and Pitohui. 94 different species of Papilionoidea were recorded: 12 Papilionidae, 6 Pieridae, 31 Lycaenidae and 45 Nymphalidae. The results at the various localities were quite different, not only because of different habitats, but also caused by different number of search days. At Baitanisa 68 species were recorded in 6 days, at Noau 63 species in 5 days, at Nuriba 38 species in 1 day, at Gesa 29 species in 3 days, at Pitohui 11 species in 2 days, at Wakamba 5 species in 2 days. Some common species in the Mamberamo area and in the surrounding of Jayapura were not found on this survey. Danaus affinis was only recorded at Wakamba.
The result of 93 species still shows a high diversity in Waropen Atas area. However, disturbed or even destroyed forest and the absence of many species, common in other parts of Waropen, are a signal that conservation is urged to save the diversity in this region.

Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 2 (1) July – September 2007

1.Evie L. Warikar, Nelly Lunga & Ervina Indrayani
Food sources of Nymphalid butterflies in the forest at Campus Universitas Cenderawasih, Waena

Background
The forest around the Campus UNCEN is a study object for students, rich with flora and fauna and a good place for inventory of food plants for butterflies.
Food plants of 11 species of Papilionidae were published (Banuaty, 2005), with six food plants for caterpillars and ten species for nectar sucking butterflies.
Many activities of local people caused serious forest damage, which may cause a decline of the number of food plants, influencing on its turn the number of butterfly species and its populations.

Result
During 15 days in the period 13 May to 24 June 2006 the survey was held, resulting in twelve species plants and three kinds of minerals, found along rivers, in grass land and secondary forest. Food for butterflies was the nectar of the flowers, rotten fruits and bracts. Twenty six species of Nymphalids were feeding on the above mentioned food sources. Bidens pilosa was often used for consumption; of less interest were Ficus sp. Macaranga tesselata, Freycinetia sp., and Parastemon urophylus were food plants for Lexias and Taenaris. We observed Lexias (subfamily Nymphalinae) and Taenaris (subfamily Morphinae) consuming dropped bracts of Freycinetia sp. (family Pandanaceae). Concluding, food plants for Nymphalid butterflies were found in all three habitats, which effected the presence of Nymphalids at the Campus of the University. At river sides, of course, many minerals are available, which are very poor in grass land and secondary forest.

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